de Cornard
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| de Cornard |
by Jason J Quick - 2021
This is a summary of the ancient knightly family surnamed Cornard named after their manors located at Little and Great Cornard, in the County of Suffolk. The Cornard’s shared land, fealty or kinship with the following ancient Norman families: Clare, de Mountenay, de Vere, Fitz Hamon, Fitz Humphrey, Fitz Walter, Peche, and Raimes.
The two manors of Cornard and one in Sudbury in Suffolk once belonged to the mother of the Saxon Earl Morcar (Aelfgifu or Aelfeva), sister of William Malet, mother of Earl Morcar Burgesses of Sudbury) which became terra regis and were probably granted by William Rufus to Robert fitz Hamon. Robert fitz Hamon was the son of Haimo Dapifer (Steward) who was Sherriff of Kent from 1077-1100. Robert fitz Hamon was also the brother of Haimo the Sewer “Steward” Sheriff of Kent.[1][2]
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| Robert Fitz Hamon and Wife Sybil de Montgomery |
Before the establishment of the Monks, the church of Stoke, Suffolk was annexed to the prebend of Oger “Oggeri”, consisting of the Church of Stoke, land at Stoke, and the tithe of Cornard and Harefield. In 1124 Richard Fitz Gilbert, 1st earl of Hertford, moved the community to Stoke. The grant by Richard Son of Ansgot of this tithe in Cornard was probably a confirmation of the original endowment of Ogers prebend with tithes.[7]
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| Seal of Richard Fitz Gilbert |
From 1152 to 1180 a Richard and his brother William, both sons on Angot(d) de Cornard, held lands in Bures of Earls Gilbert and Roger de Clare. Richard de Cornard held 2/3 of the aforementioned tithe at great and lesser Cornard.[8]
Angot is still showing ownership of land in Little Cornard along with a "Serlo" about 1190/91. Richard son of Arnold held land in Bures in 1190 and in the same set of records John and Angot are both listed as "vicecoimti" "sheriff" holding land in Cornard. In Bures we have John de Conard listed twice “De Johanno filio Arnold de Cornerde xviid &Terra Johannes de Cornerde in Bures” along with his brother Richard “Terra Ricardi filii Ernold in Bures.” [9] Angot Cornard was no doubt a brother or near cousin to John Cornard sheriff. (see Angod de Cornerth Line) Serlo (Sahir) de Cornard was living in 1224 in Bures and had a wife Matilda and owned land in Cornard.[10] Serlo died before 1232 and his wife Matilda had a dispute with Richard de Cornard over a third part of Cornard consisting of a total of 90 acres of land. “Matillis que fuit uxor Serlonis de Cornherste petit versus Ricardum de Cornerthe tertiam partem xx. acrarum terre in Cornerth' et tertiam partem lx. acrarum terre cum pertinentiis in eadem villa et tertiam partem v. acrarum terre cum pertinentiis in eadem villa et tertiam partem v. acrarum terre cum” This Serlo also had a son named Richard “Matildam de dono Saheri de Cornherd ' patris ipsius Ricardi, cujus heres ipse est.” [11]
Between 1189 and 1204, Earl Richard de Clare, failed to leave any significant evidence of his attachment to lands and interests on both sides of the Channel. Unlike the other great cross-Channel families, such as the Warennes and Mortimers, Earl Richard had few roots in the duchy. His predecessors had not held lands there since the late eleventh century. Neither was Earl Richard inclined to forge a career in Normandy through service with the Plantagenet king-dukes. Instead, he appears to have been concerned only with his extensive interests in England. His associates were mainly tenants of his English estates, such as Robert fitz Humphrey, the constable of Richard’s father Earl Roger, John de Cornard the earl’s steward, and Hamo Peche, or local barons such as William of Hastings. Earl Richard was also an active benefactor of his favored religious houses in England. The family had originally been associated with the abbey of Le Bec-Hellouin in Normandy and became important patrons of its three dependent priories in England at Cowick, St Neots and Stoke-by-Clare. By the end of the century, the earl’s interests were changing and he devoted more attention to his own foundations in England at Tonbridge in Kent, and at Anglesey in Cambridgshire, both endowed with former Giffard lands.[12]
John de Cornard “vicecoimti” son of Arnold was recorded owning land as early as 1190. A summary of his land is: Bures, 120 Acres (one caruate), Chipley (13 acres, Chipley Priory near Poslingford), Cornard (120 acres) and land in Estling, Finchingfield (Manor of Norton Cornish Hall) Ferlee (Preston juxta now Preston), Kensings (2 parts of a tithe at Cavendish), Wilmundeston, and Witham (Close to Cressing Temple).[9][13][14][15] In 1199 Johannnes de Cornherd and Robertus de Cornherd are recorded as present in Sudbury about land dealing with Amice wife of Richard de Clare in 1202.[16]
In 1203 John de Cornard was granted the custody of lands and marriage of the heir of William de Raimes III. William de Raimes III was the son of William de Raimes II who died on Crusade in 1195 and was a grandson of Aubrey de Vere.[15][17] “de cremento Diham que fuit Rogeri de Ramis" to "nepotum ipsius comitis Alberici…filiorum Rogeri de Ramis"[18] This custodial land included Bradfield and Finchingfield, Essex and John likely took wardship of the young William de Raimes IV who was not of age. In 1221 William became of age and regained his land by hereditary right “Order to the sheriff of Essex to take into the king’s hand without delay the land formerly of William de Reimes in Bradfield and Finchingfield with all chattels found in that land, and to keep it safely so that nothing is removed until the king orders otherwise.” [19]
John Cornard was a seneschal “steward” of Richard Clare, earl of Hertford in 1199. He was high sheriff of Essex in 1200, 1202, and 2017, and high sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk from 1207-1210. John was also the keeper of the archiepiscopate of Canterbury in 1214-1127 and custodian of the Honour of Peverell for the king in 1217.[20][21][22] John de Cornard also had a brother or very near relative named Robert de Cornard that died in 1210 fighting along Simon de Montfort at the siege of Château de Termes in Spain during the Cathar War.[23]
In 1218 John Cornard was summoned to appear before the crown to explain to whom he had paid five marks a year for the manor of Norton (Finchingfield or Cornett’s Hall). Apparently, the records were stated that John had made no payment since 1204, and the exchequer was trying to collect the past due balance.[24] John must have accrued more debt because in 1226/7 he borrowed money from Jewish lender Isaac son of Jurnet which names his sons Richard and John. “John de Corn[herde] and Richard his son and all their heirs except John son of the aforesaid John are quit against Isaac son of Jurnet and his heirs of all debts sureties and demands from the beginning of the century until St Andrews day in the eleventh year of the reign of King Henry son of King John.” [25] John had a daughter Alice de Barham who was a widow by 1230 and had rents in Sudbury and Great Cornard “Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Alicia de Barham filia Iohannis de Corn (er) dde”[26] John’s widow Alice was living in 1242 and was receiving dower revenues in Witham (Close to Cressing Temple, Essex) and Sudbury “Mandatum est Ricardo de la Lade, custodi terrarum que fuerunt G. comitis Glouc ' quod assignari faciat Alicie que fuit uxor Johannis de Cornherth racionabilem dotem suam de redditibus qui fuerunt predicti Johannis , quondam viri sui in Wicham et suber' qui sunt in manu racione terre et heredis predicte comitas Glouc' in manu nostra existentis. Teste ut supra.” [27]
In 1227/8 Richard de Cornard son of John and his wife Lucy donated 180 acres of land with apports, in Prittlewell (Prittlewell/Temple Sutton) Essex to Alan Marcel and William de Cressing of the Knights Templar to hold to his successors of impediments and the heirs of Lucy by the yearly rent of 12d. for all service and extraction. This was the largest donation of land to Prittlewell Priory that had a strong connection to the Knight Templars. The Templar Knights of Cressing also held land in Finchingfield on behalf of the King. [28][29]
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| Cressing Temple Farm, Essex |
Lady Lucy de Cornard was listed in a couple charters in the Stoke by Clare Chartulary c.1250 holding land “Bures terram domine Lucie de Cornerde et Buntings” These could be dower lands of her late husband Richard.[30] In a series of charters in the Suffolk Eyre Roll we get the names of John son of John de Cornard and Alexander and Walter son of Robert de Cornard. We also get to more son’s names of the original John de Cornard as follows: Alan the Chaplain and his bastard brother Nicholas.[31]
In 1241 Richard de Cornard of Essex was in debt 447 Pounds 9 Schillings 10 pence which was an enormous amount of money at that time, which is about $1,000,000 in today’s value.[32] In 1250 and 1251 Richard de Cornard is listed as a witness in a couple of charters and deeds [33][34] and in 1259 he is still showing the large debt of his father [35] because in 1260 “Richard of Cornard. On account of the poverty of Richard of Cornard, son and heir of Richard of Cornard, the king has granted him that for the £447 9s. 9d. which he owes him at the Exchequer for the debts of the aforesaid Richard, his father he may render 20s. at the Exchequer of Michaelmas in the forty-fourth year, 20s. at the Exchequer of Easter next following, and 40s. thus from year to year at the same terms until the aforesaid £447 9s. 9d. are paid to the king. Order to the barons of the Exchequer to cause him to have those terms and to cause this to be done and enrolled thus. By the king at the instance of John de Burgh, and by the earl of Gloucester and H. Bigod, justiciar and others of the council.” [36]
In the Calender of Close Rolls from 1261-62, Richard de Cornard held a knight’s fee in Norton (Finchingfield) Essex and a Knight’s fee in Cavendish Suffolk [37] and in 1265 his manor of Denardstone (Denston) was seized by the Earl of Gloucester for 54s in rent.[38] In the same year his manor at Finchingfield was assessed at “Messuage, garden, &c., 2s.; six score acres of land, 40s.; rent of assize, half a mark; 2s. paid to the earl of Gloucester ; windmill, 10s.; 20 acres of wood, of which 8 can be lopped yearly at 8 d. per acre, 5s. 4ck; 2 acres of meadow, 4s.; works and customs, 2s.; total, 72s. Collectors - Seman Creek, Gilbert de Dundingehust.”[39] That same Year Richard was ordered by the Keeper of the forest, Richard de Mountenay to cut old growth oak timber for a gift to the King.[40]
The Hundred rolls, written about 1267-72 show Richard de Cornard owning land in Finchingfield, Essex and having custody of the three heirs of James Maskerel. The Maskerel Family held land in Cavenedish, Suffolk since 1141 starting with Osulf Maskerel.[41] The IPM’s (Inquisition Post Mortem) of Giles de Wachesham and his son Giles in 1272 [42] and 1274 [43] show Richard de Cornard held ½ of ¼ fee in Bures. By 1275/7 Richard de Cornard was listed as a “milite” so possibly a Knight or squire who fought in the Welsh Wars under Gilbert de Clare to pay off his debts.[44] Richard de Cornard (II) died 1277/8 because there are two assizes of mort d’ancestor against his son Richard de Cornard (III) “Margery daughter of Richard de Cornerth against Richard de Cornerth” & “by Margery daughter of Nicholas de Cornerthe against Richard de Cornerthe.” [45]
In 1280 Richard de Cornerth (III) is listed as lord of Poslingford [46] and about the same time is a witness in a grant with Ralph son of William de Pebmarsh. Richard was knighted and married to a dame named Christina by 1291. A grant of land in Great Bures gives us more information. “Grant by Richard de Queduell of Great Bures (Magna Bur') to Sir Richard de Cornerd, knight, and Dame Cristiana his wife, of a piece of arable called 'Suetemaneflet,' lying in the field which is called 'le Heyefeld,' and a piece of meadow lying in a meadow called 'le Brademedue' between meadow of Peter le Saltere and meadow of William le Saltere, one head abutting on the road (stratam) and the other on Sir Richard's meadow which is called 'Menechenemedue'; doing to the chief lords the services due and accustomed. Witnesses: Sir Thomas de Grey, Sir John de Pertun, knights, Robert de Bur', Richard Seer, Walter de Queduell, and others (named). Dated at Great Bures (Bur' Magnam), the morrow of St Mary, 20 Edward [I]. The IPM of John de Lovetot in 1294/5 shows “pasture, held of Sir Richard de Cornerth by service of 2d. yearly” His future son in law, Sir Thomas de Grey was listed as a witness.[47]
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| Battle of Stirling Bridge |
Around 1300 Richard de Caxton paid rent to “Richard de Corenerth” for the land le Bailie at Caxtons Manor at Little Cornard[48] and Richard’s daughter Alice married Sir Thomas de Grey before 1304. Thomas de Grey was probably much older than Alice and was born around 1279.[47][50][51][52] Thomas was the son of John de Grey and Margaret daughter of Sir William de Oddinselles who held a manor in Cavendish.[53] It said from this marriage with Alice de Cornard, Thomas took lordship over Caxton’s Manor. This marriage to Thomas de Grey seems to be the biggest mention of the Cornard family in modern records. There is no specific charter saying that Alice was the daughter of Richard de Cornard but there is plenty of substantial circumstantial evidence, MSS of pedigrees,[54] and witnesses to deeds confirming this. One gigantic clue is that Sir Thomas de Grey assumed the arms of his father-in-law.[55][56] In a charter dated 1308 a seal of "a fesse between two chevrons, with a label of three" and on the inscription we find "S'THOMEDE GREY." On the charter is "Beatrice de Tendringge, laseur de frere Thom de Grey saluy. tre chere sceur ay donce a Robt de Bures." Beatrice was Thomas de Grey’s sister and married William de Tendring of Stoke-by-Nayland. The de Tendring’s assumed Thomas de Grey’s arms of “a fesse between two chevrons, with a label of three flurette.” [57]
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| de Cornard, de Grey, de Tendring Arms |
Back in Essex, Richard de Cornard was listed lord of Finchingfield by inquisition and assessment in 1303.[58] In 1304 he was witness to a Grant involving the manor of Southchurch with appurtenances as specified, except for 220 acres of land and a rent of 50s in Prittlewell and Sutton (Parva Sutton).[59]
Richard’s heir, Thomas de Cornard was first mentioned in 1309/10 in Essex concerning dower lands of his wife Lora Fitz Ralph de Pebmarsh in Bulmere, Little Henye, Wycham and Twynstede. “It will be best to start by consulting the pedigree of the de Pebeners family on page 100 as this in itself is revealing. From this it will be seen that Lora, a daughter of the house, married Thomas, son of Sir Richard Cornersh. In 1309 they held 96 acres of land in 4 parishes from William, son of Ralph and Maud, with reversion to the latter. This William, son of Sir Ralph FitzWilliam de Pebeners, was the knight of the brass and was therefore Lora's nephew and she held her land of him though her brother, Sir Ralph, was still alive.” [60][61]
In 1315 Richard de Cornard is recorded owning land in Great Barford, Herefordshire now Bedfordshire, “11 messuages, 1 carucate, 4 virgates and 9 acres of land and 6 acres of meadow in Bereford.” [62] In the same year in the IPM of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford list the fees of Richard de Cornard. “Suffolk. Cavenedisch. 1/4 fee held by Richard de Cornerth, Cavenedisch and Clare, co. Suffolk, and Bulmere, co. Essex. 1 fee held by Richard de Cornerth, Thaxsted [and Finchingfeld]. 1 1/2 fee held by John de Pecham and Richard de Cornerth”[63] Alice, Richard’s daughter also had hereditary right to land in Edwarsdtone. “Edwardstone. A messuage and a carucate of land, held by the said Thomas and Alice, of her inheritance, of Arnulph de Mounteny by service of 1/2d. for scutage when it shall run” [64] In 1316 Richard de Cornard and Gilbert Peche were joint lords of Poslingford and Chipley “POSELINGWORTHE cum CHIPLEE Ricardus de Cornerde et Gilbertus Pecche.”[65]
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| Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl of Gloucester, 7th of Hertford |
The arms of Cornard and Peche both share the same arms “a fesse between two chevrons” [65] but different tinctures. One would assume a blood connection a generation or two back. The Peche family took the arms from a branch of the Clare family the Fitz-Walters. Walter fitz Robert, son of Robert de Clare had a daughter Alice, who married Gilbert Peche, he died in 1212. Through this marriage the Peche family acquired lands in Poslingford and Chipley and the aforementioned Gilbert was the grandson of this marriage.[66][67][68][69] The Mountenay (Mounteny) family also shared kinship with the Peche family pre-1252 and a familiar connection to the Cornard’s.[70] In 1315 Alice de Conard was listed in this previously mentioned IPM “Edwardstone. A messuage and a carucate of land, held by the said Thomas and Alice, of her inheritance, of Arnulph de Mounteny by service of 1/2d. for scutage when it shall run” Edwardstone was held by the Mountenay family since the 1100’s which had strong connections to Colne Priory in Essex.[70]
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| Arms of Clare, Fitz Walter, Peche, and Cornard |
Thomas de Grey and Alice married their young daughter Amy to Thomas fitz Eustace by 1316. This Thomas fitz Eustace died by 1318/9 and a deed ties the families together. “dated at Cavendish on Thursday the vigil of St. Laurence in the thirteenth year of Edward II, Amy, late wife of Thomas fitz Eustace, granted the manor of Codenham in Suffolk, for her life, to her father, Sir Thomas de Grey, and Alice his wife, her mother. Among the witnesses were Richard and Thomas de Cornerd, and Thomas de Ash …On the 12th January in the twelfth year of Edward II. Amy, the widow of Thomas fitz Eustace, paid the King five marks for free marriage.” [71]
In 1321 Thomas de Grey of Cornard and Cavendish died. His IPM states, “Cavenedissh. (Held jointly with Thomas de Grey) The manor, held jointly as above, by two fines levied in the king’s court, of Richard de Cornerde by service of a knight’s fee.” [64]
Richard de Cornard (III) Knight and his sons, Thomas and George were listed as “Milites” in Essex and Thomas was also listed in Suffolk in 1323/4 and fought the Scot’s in their War for Independence.[72] George is also listed in 1322 “went with the King to Scotland in John de Oddyngeselles retinue”,[73] Thomas de Cornerde was mentioned in a complaint engaging in trespassing and poaching in Colne Quincy, Essex in 1325 as well as his brother and uncle George de Cornerde with a similar infraction in Little Belsted, Suffolk.[74]
Richard de Cornard died by 1326 and his son Thomas was named his heir. “Suffolk, Essex. Relief £6 5 [sic]; assigned by letter of the lady, 100s. Richard de Cornerde who held of the lady certain tenements in Finchingfield, Bulmer, Cavendish, Clare and elsewhere in return for the service of 1 1/2 fees and a quarter of a knight’s fee and suit of court and 4d yearly rent etc. has died. Thomas, his son and next heir who is of age, now comes, and asks to be admitted to the inheritance. He is admitted, and did homage and fealty to the lady. He pays his relief of which 100s is assigned to Edward de Monthermer by the lady’s letter.” [75]
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| Wooden Carving of Sir Richard de Cornard III Bures, Suffolk |
The next year in 1327, Inquisitions and subsidies were surveyed on manor estates. Richard de Cornard was shown to hold “Ricardo de Cornerth pro quarta parte j. f. in Cavendissh, Kemsyng, Stanffeld” (Cavendish, Kensings, Stanesfield) and Thomas de Conard “Babergh Hundred Villatta de Bures Thoma de Corduerche iiii, Villata de Poselingworth cum Chippeleye De Thoma de Cornerth” (Bures and Poslingford & Chipley).[76][77] In 1328 Thomas de Cornard was listed as Knight in an indenture involving Robert de Vere and land between Bures and Sudbury.[78]
Thomas de Cornard was married by 1331/2 to Margery,[79][80] the widow of Thomas de Swinborn of Gunnerton and Horkesley, son of Robert Swinborn who died in 1326.[81][82] Thomas de Swinborn and Margery had a son Robert who was not of age, born about 1327. “Grant to John Darcy, in full satisfaction of the manors of Gretham and Brotelby, co. Lincoln, and 16l. of rent in Ormesby, lately granted to him for life as escheats from Edmund, earl of Kent, but afterwards restored by Parliament to the earl's heir, of the custody of the manors of Horkesleye, co. Essex, and Wyston, co. Suffolk, late of William de Horkesleye, in the king's hands by reason of the minority of Robert son and heir of Thomas de Swynburn, to hold during such minority with the marriage of the said heir, and so from heir to heir, if under age, in the event of the death of one or more before the event take effect.” [83] Also, from the this first marriage to Thomas de Swinborn, Margery came into the possession of Woodmancote, Gloucestershire in dower. This land has been speculation of Margery’s ancestry, but Woodmancote was purchased by Robert Swinborn from John Botetort in 1321 and the land became into possession by purchase. This Robert de Swinborn was a uterine half-brother to Thomas de Cornard (II) and they were close. Robert and Thomas did many financial transactions together and Roberts tomb in Little Horkesley has the Cornard arms.[83][84][85]
Thomas de Cornard and Margary were involved in a legal dispute against Andrew de Bures and George de Cornard in Poslingford, Clare, Stradishall, Pentlow (Essex), Magna Bures, Magna Cornard, and Denston in 1331.[79] In 1333-1337 George de Cornard had a grant of service and 6d rent to Andrew de Bures in Bures Magna. [86][87] In 1337 “Waryn, son of Waryn sued Thomas de Cornherde and Margaret his wife for the manor of Wodemannecroft which Otto, son of William gave to William fitz William & the heirs of his body.” Margaret received the manor of Woodmancroft in dower after the death of her first husband Thomas de Swinborn.[88]
John de Bures died about 1340 and his IPM states “A messuage and 5a. land held in socage of the priory of Stoke by Clare, which is in the king’s hand by reason of the war between him and those of France, by service of 6s. 8d. yearly; 47a. land, viz. 12a. held of Thomas de Cornerthe in socage by service of 2s. yearly.” [89]
Margery de Cornarde died before Oct 10th 1341. “Grant to John Darcy the elder, of the custody of the lands which Westminster. Margery, late the wife of Thomas de Swynburn, tenant in chief, held on the day of her death of the inheritance of Robert son and heir of the said Thomas” [90][91] and her case about Woodmancote was still not resolved in 1342. “Warin son of Warin has declared that the manor of Woodmancote is of his inheritance; and, although by the Inquisition taken by John de Perton , late escheator, of the lands, etc., held for life by Margery, who was wife of Thomas de Swynburne, it was not found that she died seised of the said manor, Basset has delivered it to John Darcy the elder in consequence of the King’s grant of the custody of all the lands, etc., of which the said Margery died seised to the said John Darcy, as though the said Margery had died seised thereof. An inquiry is to be made as to whether the said Margery held the said manor or not.” [92] In the same year an inquiry was made on; and held on behalf of Robert de Swinborn who was still a minor. “Margery, late the wife of Thomas de Swynborn: writ to enquire what lands Margery held for her life of the inheritance of her son Robert, a minor in the king's wardship. Date: 15 Edward III” [91] Margery’s ancestry is uncertain but the brass of the tomb of her son Robert de Swinborn and his son Thomas at Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul Little Horkesley, alludes to Erpingham. The arms show “(1) [Gules] crusilly of crosses botonées, three boars' heads couped [argent], for Swynborne; (2) Paly - wavy of six [ argent and gules), for Gernon; (3) Lost (It probably bore [Or], a saltire engrailed [sable](wrong 3 cinquefoils) , for Botetourt); (4) Swynborne (as above); (5) [Vert], an inescutcheon within an orle of eight martlets [argent), for Erpingham; and (6) [Azure) a fess between two chevrons [or], for Cornard”[93]
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| Robert and Thomas Swinborn Brass Little Horkesley, Suffolk |
An enrolment of grant in 1343 to Sir Thomas Cornard of lands in Finchingfield, Essex, and Denston, Suffolk, lays out his male heirs, sons: Thomas (II), George and John. The witness to this grant were Sir Andrew Bures and George de Cornard. “Enrolment of grant by Hugh de Glemesford, chaplain, and Edmund Lenneyse to Sir Thomas de Cornerde, knight, of all their lands with the services of all tenants both free and bond, in Finchingfeld, as they hold them of his gift and enfeoffment, to hold for his life, with remainder to George and John his sons to hold for their lives, with remainder to Thomas son of the said Thomas de Cornerde and the heirs of his body, and if Thomas the son die without such an heir then all the said lands shall remain to the heirs of the body of George son of the said Sir Thomas, and if there are no such heirs of George the lands shall remain to the heirs of John son of the said Sir Thomas, and if John die without such an heir the lands shall remain to Andrew son of the said Sir Thomas and the heirs of his body, and if Andrew die without such an heir the lands shall remain to the right heirs of Sir Thomas. Witnesses: Sir Andrew de Bures, Robert de Rokwode, George de Cornerde, Hugh de Peyton, Richard le Parker, Richard Materaz. Dated at Fynchyngfeld on Saturday the morrow of St. Mark, 17 Edward III.
Enrolment of grant by Hugh de Glemesford, chaplain, and Edmund Lenneyse to Sir Thomas de Cornerde, knight, of all their lands with services of their tenants both free and bond and all other appurtenances in the town of Denarston to hold for life, with remainder to Thomas his son and the heirs of his body, or in default to George son of Sir Thomas and the heirs of his body, or in default to John son of Sir Thomas and the heirs of his body, or in default to Andrew son of Sir Thomas and the heirs of his body, or in default to the right heirs of Thomas. Witnesses: Sir Andrew de Bures, knight, Robert de Rocwode, George de Cornerde, Hugh de Peyton, Richard Parker, Richard Matraz. Dated at Denarston on Saturday the morrow of St. Mark, 17 Edward III.” [94]
In 1346 there was an inquisition and assessment of land in Posligford, Cavendish, Denston, Clopton, Stanesfield, and Wickambrook.[95] Richard de Cornard was still listed in the records as either a lord or owning lands. The lands in Clopton, Stanesfield, Denston, and Wickambrook seemed to have passed to the heirs of Humprey fitz Walter. Humprey fitz Walter was living in 1261 and the son of Walter fitz Humphrey and held land in Chipley and Pentelow. This land also had ties to the ancient Baynard and de Clopton family.[96][97][98] “Suffolk De heredibus Ricardi de Cornerthe tenentibus in POSELYNGWORTHE et SARLEY di. F. m. quod Ricardus de Cornert he quondam tenuit in eadem villa de Willelmo filio Radulphi XX. s., De heredibus Thome de Cornerthe et tenentibus suis tenentibus in CAVENDISSH et DENNARSTON di. f. m. quod Ricardus de Cornerthe et tenente sui quondam tenuerunt in eidem villis de Waltero filio Humfridi XX. s. pgs., De Ivetta de Clopton, herede Ricardi de Cornerthe, herede Galfridi de Waldyngfeld, herede Johannis Ilger, herede Willelmi de Prediton, herede Henrici le Taillour, heredibus Gode Gibbe, et Gilberti Petypas, et Roberti de Alwarton, tenentibus in CLOPTON, STANSFELD, DENNARSTON, et WYKHAMBROK iii.j partem f. m. quam Walterus de Clopton et tenentes sui quondam tenuerunt in eisdem villis de Humfrido filio Walteri x.s” [95]
In 1348 Thomas de Cornard was mentioned in the notes of court records of Little Cornard Manor dealing with an area of woodland called le Herst. The next year on 1349 the Black Death ravaged this area and decimated entire families. “The year after the Black Death 24 deaths are recorded and it is remarkable that in one Court there were three people who died without any claimants for their land showing I suppose that the whole of each family had perished in that terrible plague.”[99] It is the authors opinion that Thomas de Cornard (I) died of plague, for the following year there is a record of receipt by Roger de Cretinges for his expenses in maintaining three children of Thomas de Cornard who were still underage.[100] Thomas a Knight was not listed in the known Crecy and Calais rolls and would be sure to have been listed with his brother George if still alive.
George de Cornard, the brother of Thomas de Cornard (I) fought at Crecy and Calais in the retinue of Essex.[101] In 1340 George and his wife Alice, the widow of Richard Chamberlain owned 60 acres of land in Colne Quency and Colne Engaine, Essex. “George de Cornerde and Alice late the wife of Richard Chaumberleyn of Stoke Neylond, pi. Aubrey, parson of St. Mary, Bures, and Nicholas de Beauchaump,' chapeleyn,' def. i messuage, 200 acres of land, . . . meadow, 30 acres of wood, 30 acres of alder and 45. rent in Colnewake, (Quency) Colneng ...Bures PI. and the heirs of their bodies to hold of the chief lords, with remainder to the right heirs of George.” [102] George was also a bailiff in Colne Quincy in 1346/7.[103]
In 1357 there is another George de Cornard and his wife Johanna had a messuage in Bures under Sir Andrew de Bures.[104] This George must have died before 1362 and could been the younger son of Thomas Cornard (I) “tenements formerly of George de Cornerde in Bures to be sold to make 2 chapels”.[105]
In 1362 Robert de Swinborn, now a knight, and his wife Agnes, daughter of Sir William Felton is mentioned in a record of Robert’s land in Suffolk. “All his land, tenements, rents and services in Wiston [Wissington], Nayland, Aston [Assington] and Bures St. Mary, all county Suffolk.” Witnesses are Sir John Gernon, William Baud Knight and Thomas de Cornard (II). Thomas de Cornard (II) was the half-brother of Robert de Swinburn, sharing the same mother Margery. Note, at this time Thomas (II) was not a Knight.[106][107][108] It would seem the Robert de Swinburn took wardship over the de Cornard children and looked after his brothers-in-law-lands. In 1368 two records mention that Thomas de Cornard as a “Knight” “William de Clopton the father, Robert de Swynebourn, Thomas de Grey, Thomas de Clopton, Thomas de Cornerd, John Schardelowe, kts, Roger de Grey and others” & “witnessed by Sir Thomas Murieux and Sir Thomas Cornerde, Knights, and Henry Englysse, John Bataill, John Rougheved “et aliis,” [109][110]
Roger de Grey Knight of Merton, son of Sir Thomas de Grey and Alice de Cornard died in 1371. Alice his mother still owned “Grey’s Hall” in Cavendish under Thomas de Cornard (II). “The manor is worth nothing yearly beyond the said 20 marks. Thomas the son never remitted his estate in the said rent. Cavendissh. Roger de Grey, knight, being of full age &c., was seised of the manor called ‘Greyeshall’ in fee simple, and granted a yearly rent of 40 marks therefrom to the said Alice. The manor is held by parcels of the earl of March, as of the honor of Clare, of John de Cavendissh, of Thomas Cornerde and of John Boldesore, service not known.” [111] The Cornard Arms of Grey show can be seen in the Visitation of Hampshire and Norfolk. The Grey/Cornard arms are on the brasses of Sir William de Grey (1495) and Sir Robert de Grey (1644) with the similar arms of Baynard at the church of Merton, Norfolk. The arms are also shown at the Kemp Chapel, Gissing Church, Norfolk. Robert Kemp, who died in 1594, married as a second wife, Elizabeth daughter to Thomas de Grey of Merton.[112]
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| Visitation of Hampshire and Norfolk |
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| William de Grey Brass Merton, Norfolk |
Thomas de Cornard must have made many contacts in London doing business with his older brother-in-law Robert Swinborn. During this time Thomas was married and had a daughter Joyce who later married John Vyne a wealthy draper from London. “John Vyne, Andrew Vyne and Robert Risby citizens and drapers of London to Thomas de Cornerth, Robert Swynbourne knights and John Rokewode of Suffolk. Bond in 420l. payable at Martinmas. Dated 31 October 1 Richard II. Memorandum of acknowledgment, 6 November. Indenture of defeasance of the foregoing bond, upon condition that John Wyne, Andrew Wyne and Robert Risby or some one in their name pay to Thomas Cornerth, Robert Swynbourne knights and John Rokwode or to their attorney 210l. in the church of St. Paul London, namely 10l. at Christmas next and the residue by three half yearly instalments.” [115]
“John Rokwode, Thomas Rokwode, William Wodham, William Asshby clerk, Thomas Lude, Robert Rysby, Andrew Vyne and John Forster to John Vyne citizen and draper of London and Joyce his wife and the heirs of their bodies, with remainder to the right heirs of Thomas Cornerth knight of Suffolk. Gift of the reversion of the manors called Cornerthalle in Bures co. Suffolk and Nortonhalle in Fynchyngfeld co. Essex, now held for life by the said Thomas Cornerth by demise of the grantors. Dated Monday the Conversion of St. Paul 1 Richard II. Memorandum of acknowledgment by John Rokewode, Robert Rysby, Andrew Vyne and John Forster, 1 February.”
“Indenture of attornment by Thomas de Cornerth knight to John Vyne citizen and draper of London and Joyce his wife by payment of 1d., reciting a demise to the said Thomas for life of the manors of Cornerthalle and Nortonhalle (as above) with licence to make waste therein, made by John Rokwode, Thomas Rokwode, William Wodham, William Asshby clerk, Thomas Lude, Robert Risby, Andrew Vyne and John Forster, and the foregoing grant of the reversion of those manors to the said John Vyne and Joyce. Dated London, Tuesday the feast of the Purification 1 Richard 11. Memorandum of acknowledgment by Thomas Cornerth and Andrew Vyne, 3 February.”[116]
In 1380/1 Thomas de Swinborn son of Robert and nephew to Thomas de Cornard (II) gave “Charter without warranty” to his uncle and others lands in Northumberland. “Thomas de Swynbourne knight to Sir Robert de Swynbourne his father, Thomas Cornerthe knight, Walter Heroun, John de Rokwode and William Assheby parson of Gestyngthorp, their heirs and assigns. Charter with warranty of his purparty of all lands in Stanfordham, Hough, Ulkeston, Milbourne and Ingehow or elsewhere in Northumberland which descended to him after the death of William de Felton knight his uncle.” [117]
Sir Thomas de Cornard (II) was one of the main perpetrators of The Peasants' Revolt In 1381 The revolt was also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion under John Wrawe. Cornard roamed the countryside and extorted blackmail for money. He even did it to kinsman John Rookwood of Stansfield who was an in-law of his half-brother Robert de Swinborn.[118][119] Thomas de Cornard was forgiven of his misdeeds because in 1384 he was summoned to Scotland under Walter Fitz-Walter and participated in the Scottish Invasion.[120] In 1387 Thomas de Cornard (II) (Knight, Man-At-Arms) was summoned for Naval Service under Sir Thomas Mortimer and Sirs Richard Fitz Alan. Thomas fought in the Battle of Margate in the Caroline war against the France, Castille, and Flanders where the British captured 80+ Ships, Hundreds or Prisoners and 8000 tons of wine.[121][122] In 1393 Thomas was yet again summoned for military duty to Guines castle under the leadership of his Nephew Thomas de Swinborn.[123]
Sometime before 1391, Thomas de Cornerth Knight. quitclaimed his right in the manor of Gunnerton, Northumbria that he received from his brother. “Quitclaim by Thomas de Cornorth, knt, to John de Eston, John de Kelingale, John de Kyrkeby, and Sampson Hardyng of all his right in the manor of Gunwarton [Gunnerton], with all appartenances in the vill of Gunwarton, co. Northumb., which he lately acquired by grant and feoffment from Robert de Swynbourne, his brother, together with all rights belonging to the same manor. Dated at Horkesley. in Essex, Sunday, F. of the Holy Trinity [1st June] 16 Ric II [1393]. “[124]
A certain George de Cornard and his family are listed in land transactions with his mother, now Alice Bokenham in Colne Quency, Colne Engaine, White Colne, and Bures in 1395. This grant mentions Joyce daughter of Thomas de Cornard (II), deceased. “Alice Bokenham, pl. Henry Whisshe, def. 1 messuage, 140 acres of land. 2 acres of meadow. 20 acres of alder and 15 acres of wood in Colnewake, Colnengayne, Whitcolne, and Burys at the Mount. PI. to hold for life of the chief lords, with successive remainders to George de Cornerth her son and Margaret de Cornerth and Maud de Cornerth his sisters and the heirs of their bodies and Joyce daughter and heir of Thomas de Cornerth and her heirs. Cons, 100 marks.” [125] The manor of Colne Priory in 1416 had a court roll and mentioned the Priory’s estates that possibly had tithes with the Cornard family in: Colne Engaine, Pebmarsh, White Colne, Finchingfield, Cornish Hall (in Finchingfield), and Bures in the Soke of Clare.[126] (The manor of Colne was given to Roger Reimes by Roger Bigod 1189-1202 – BL, Cotton MS Julius C vii, f. 200v.) In 1404 Squire George de Cornard (Man at Arms) was summoned for naval service under Sir Reginald de Cobham.[127] Alice Bokenham was the widow of Richard Chamberlain of Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, and possibly the widow or daughter of Hugh de Bokenham of Snetterton, Norfolk, who died in 1347. Maud de Cornard (Matilda) could be the same Maud that was elected a Benedictine Prioress of Wix Priory in 1370 and living 1416.[128][129]
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| Wix Priory, Essex |
Joyce de Cornard and John Vyne married before January 1378 and had a daughter also named Joyce. Joyce de Vyne married Richard Baynard, his second wife. John Vyne died before 1397 and Joyce his widow, remarried to Thomas Culpeper son of John Culpeper and Elizabeth de Hardreshull. Joyce and Thomas had son Walter by 1399, who would eventually become heir of the Cornard estates. Below are a series of records that help put this together.[130][131][132]
“1397 November 3. Westminster. The day after All Souls, 21 Richard [II] [3 November 1397]. John Conyers of Horneby, Nicholas de Wycliff', Richard de Norton' and William de [R]okewode, querents, and Thomas Colpeper, knight, and Joyce, his wife, deforciants. Plea of covenant. The manor of Huton' sup[er] Wyske, which Thomas de Swynburn', knight, holds for life. Thomas Colpeper and Joyce have acknowledged the manor to be the right of John, and have granted for themselves and the heirs of Joyce that the manor - which Thomas de Swynburn' held for life of the inheritance of Joyce on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of Thomas de Swynburn' ought to revert to Thomas Colpeper and Joyce and the heirs of Joyce - after the decease of Thomas de Swynburn' shall remain to John, Nicholas, Richard and William and the heirs of John, to hold of the chief lords for ever. For this: John, Nicholas, Richard and William have given them 200 pounds sterling. (Standardised forms of names. Persons: John Conyers, Nicholas de Wycliffe, Richard de Norton, William de Rookwood, Thomas Culpeper, Joyce Culpeper, Thomas de Swinburne.” “1405 June 10. Ripon. Joyce (Josia) Vyne, daughter of John Vyne, to Thomas Culpeper knight of Kent and Joyce (Josie) his wife her mother, and to the heirs male of the body of her said mother. Quitclaim with warranty of the manor of Cornerde in Burys St. Mary co. Suffolk, and the manors of Denherston co. Suffolk and Fynchyngfelde co. Essex. Dated the feast of St. George 6 Henry IV.” [130]
1405 “According to a deed amongst the Harleian Charters dated the Feast of St. George 23 Apl. 6 Hen. IV. [1405] Joyce Vyne daughter of John Vyne released to Sir Thomas Culpeper and Joyce his wife mother of the said Joyce Vyne and to his heirs male of the body of the said Joyce Culpeper this manor (Bures), and Sir Thomas Culpeper was succeeded by his son and heir Thomas Amongst the Harleian Charters we meet with a release of this manor in 1428 from Joyeuse dau of John Vyne to his mother “Joyeuse” daugh of Thomas Cornnerde and to the right heirs of the said Thomas Cornerde.” [131][132]
In 1425 in and Inquisition for Anne who was wife of Edmund, Earl of March, dated Gloucester 20 October 1432 “Thaxted and Finchingfield, 1 1/2 knights’ fees, which John Petham and Richard Cornerth formerly held, £7 10s., Suffolk, Rushford in Suffolk [and Norfolk] and Twinstead in Essex, a knight’s fee, which Thomas de Grey and Richard Cornerth *held, 100s. , Thaxted, 1/2 and 1/4 knight’s fee, which the heir of Agnes (Angot?) de Cornerth and the heir of Thomas, son of Stephen, held, 75s” This is the last mention of a Cornard owning land in records.[133]
Walter Culpeper son of Thomas fought at the battle of Agincourt in 1415 and brought five archers.[134] Walter married Agnes daughter of Edmund Roper and died November 2nd 1462, “Orate pro animabus Walteri Culpeper Ar. et Agnetis vxoris sue qui quidem Walterus erat filius Thome Culpeper militis, et predicta Agnes erat filia Edmundi Robar iuxta Cantuar. et predicta Agnes obiit 2. die Decemb. Ann. Dom. 1457. et predictus Walt. obiit 24. Nouemb. 1462. quorum animabus."[135] Walter’s eldest son John was his heir and married Agnes Gainsford. “1484 Agnes Culpepur, widow, formerly wife of John Culpepur, knight” John and Alice had a son Alexander who owned some of the Cornard estates.[136] “1405 & 1489 - 189 East. 5 Hen. VII m. 127. d. Fine Quinzaine of St John the Baptist 6 Hen IV between Thomas Joop and William Stokes quer and Thomas Colepeper Knt and Joyce his wife deforciants of land in Poselyngworth Clare Stradesell and Pentelawe which was settled on the said Joyce for life with remainder to Robert Baynard and Joyce his wife in tail with remainder to the right heirs of the said Joyce wife of the said Thomas Colepeper Knt who is now dead The said Robert Baynard and Joyce his wife are dead sp Alexander Colepeper arm is kinsman and heir of said Joyce wife of said Thomas Colepeper Knt Philip Lewis arm and Johanna his wife have entered Adjourned. (Stradishall part of Sudbury Pentlow Essex by Cavendish)” [137] Eleanor a daughter of Thomas Culpepper and Joyce married Sir Reginald de Cobham. Eleanor died in 1420 and her brass effigy in Lingfield at St. Peter and St. Paul Church, Surrey has the arms of her father and mother, “argent, a bend engrailed, gules, and one shield at the foot, a fesse between two chevrons.” [138][139][140][141][142]
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| Eleanor de Cobham Brass Lingfield, Surrey |
The heir of John, was Alexander Culpeper who died in 1541 ”I bequethe £10 for to by fyve Vestmentes for pristes to syng masse yn wherof the furst thereof to be for the priste that shall singe masse for me in the saide Chappell where I have prepared my Tombe and the secounde to the churche of Awsteley in the county of Warwyk and the thirde to the churche of Manchester in the saide County of Warwyk and the fourthe to the churche of Fynchingfelde in the county of Essex and the fyfte to the churche of Sainte Marye Bewers in the County of Suffolke.”[143] Alexander Culpeper’s wooden effigy at St Mary's church, Goudhurst, Kent shows the Cornard Arms.[144] Alexander Culpeper’s son Thomas was a favorite of Henry VIII and was a gentleman of the privy chamber. Thomas had an affair with Henry’s wife Catherine Howard and was executed for adultery on December 10th 1541[145]
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| Alexander
Culpeper Goudhurst, Kent |
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| Cornard Bottom Left |
Cornard Arms in Churches
The Sandy Arms at Wickhamford Church in Worcestershire carried the arms of Cornard “Azure a fess between two chevrons or." Sir William Sandys married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Walter Culpepper, of Hanburrough, co. Oxford. Walter was the son of William, son of Walter, Son of John, Son of Walter Culpeper and Agnes Roper. [146]
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| Sandy Arms Wickhamford, Worcestershire |
St, Mary the Virgin Bures. Bowl with panels with demi-figures of Angels. On the shields the arms of de Bures, de Cornard ar. impaling two lions passant gardant az. (Felton or Denston?), de Vere, England, Fitzralph (Pebmarsh), Mortimer, and Mortimer de Clare.[147]
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| Cornard Impailing Felton or Denston Bures, Suffolk |
The effigy of Richard de Cornard has been in its current position beneath the window of the north aisle since at least the 16th Century when it was believed to be Sir Richard de Conard, although the body is probably buried beneath the north wall. A wooden effigy thought to be from 1330 carved in Sweet Chestnut, and has been painted at some time, the effigy has a mail coif with hauberk, and gambeson beneath surcoat, mail hose, knee cops shield, sword and belt and wears spurs. The holes on the effigy could perhaps have been for pegs to hold. “Tradition ascribes his sale of Corn Hall in drunken freak” [148][149]
Shalford Church Finchingfield on the porch. Scales, Coggeshall, Mortimer, Cornard, De Vere, a chevron between three roundels..a bordure indented.[150]
Angot(d) de Cornard
As previously mentioned from 1152 to 1180 a Richard and his brother William, both sons of Angot(d) de Cornard, held lands in Bures of Earls Gilbert and Roger de Clare and Richard de Cornard held 2/3 of the aforementioned tithe at great and lesser Cornard.[8] In 1196 Angod de Cornard also had lands in Edwardstone, Torp, and Raydon.[152] In 1204 Angod son of Richard was named in a fine against Gilbert son of Hubert in Thaxted.[153] Angod de Cornard was still living in 1224 [154] and Richard his son was mentioned as early as 1214 “Angodus de Cornherthe point loco suo Ricardum filium”[155]
In 1240 Richard fitz Angod’s wife Alice and their son who Angod, who is now of age, are mentioned in the Suffolk Eyre roll.[156] In the Liber Feodorum “Book of Fees” Angod is shown to have a quarter fee in Cornard of Galfrido de Bakesworth of the fee of Gilbert de Clare in 1242/3.[157] Angod de Cornard was a knight and paid the king a half mark of gold for a break from Knighthood in 1256/7.[158] Angod accrued debt by 1262 and had to borrow money from the Moses de Clara a Jew. “Gift with the assent of Moses de Clara a Jew … bound by charter to the said Moses and his heirs …and also with the assent of Vives son of Moses de Clara a Jew of 12l. of rent wherein Anegot son of Richard de Cornerde and his heirs were bound to the said Vives by charter.” [159] Angod had a son Richard de Cornard and held land in Binsley in Bulmer, Essex in 1259. This Richard had a daughter Avice who married John de Nekton and they owned land in Parva Cornard in 1278. “XV Carta Radulfi filii Willelmi, de Pebeners, confirmans Ricardo filio Angod, de Cornerth et Aviciæ filiæ suæ, terram de Binelle in parochia de Bulemere, et redditum in villa de Subeia, salvis servitio Dom regis advocatione ecclesiæ de Bulemere et aliis; eum sigillo “ and “Robert Walraund by his attorney offered himself on the fourth day against John de Neketon and Amice (Avice) his wife heir of Anagoth de Corenhirde touching a plea that they pay him 96 being arrears of a fee rent of 12 yearly owing by them to him on account of Moses of Clare On their default of appearance mandate to the Sheriff that keeping safe he distrain by more and have his John’s body before The Sheriff sends word that he keeps safe and that the said John and Avice have nought whereby they are distrainable before autumn.” “Thomas Welond v. John de Neketon and Amicia his wife of Parva Cornerth” [160]
In 1314 Richard son of Angod held land that Matilda wife of Gilbert de Clare held in dower in Hundon and Thaxted. “a quarter of a fee in Honeden, in the county, which Richard son of Angot holds of the yearly value of 10s. & a moiety and a quarter of a fee in Thaxsted, in the same county, which the heirs of Angot de Cornerth and the heirs of Thomas son of Stephen hold of the yearly value of 60s” [161]
Serlo de Cornard
Serlo (Sahir) de Cornard was living in 1224 in Bures.[162] In 1230/32 Matilda who was the wife of Serlo de Cornard sued Richard de Cornard for her portion of her dowry which was a third part of Cornard containing 20 acres. Richard de Cornard had sold the land to Ralph de Grendon. “Suff’. Matillis que fuit uxor Serlonis (Sahir) de Cornherste petit versus Ricardum de Cornerthe tertiam partem xx. acrarum terre in Cornerth' et tertiam partem lx. acrarum terre cum pertinentiis in eadem villa et tertiam partem v. acrarum terre cum pertinentiis in eadem villa et medietatem xxx. acrarum terre cum pertinentiis, quas medietatem et tertias partes clamat in dotem suam etc. Et Ricardus venit et de omnibus terris reddit ei dotem suam preterquam de predictis viginti acris terre'; et vocat inde ad warantum Radulfum de [Gren]don' 3. Habeat eum a die sancti Michaelis in tres septimanas per auxilium.” [163]
In 1230/32 Matilda then sued Ralph and Richard de Grendon for her 20 acres of land in Parva Cornard. “Matillis que fuit uxor Saheri de Cornherth ' petit versus Radulfum de Grendon', quem Ricardus de Grendon ' vocavit ad warantum et qui ei warantizavit, medietatem xx. acrarum terre et xx. acrarum bosci et vj. solidatarum et vj. denariatarum redditus cum pertinentiis in Parva Cornherd ' ut dotem suam etc.” [164]
Matilda claimed the land in Cornard was her gift from Serlo Cornard and Richard (de Cornard), is his heir, by charter, which produces and which testifies. And because the same Richard is heir to that Serlo, it is considered the same is it that she has recovered her seisin against Richard (de Grendon), and Richard (de Grendon) be in mercy. “Et Radulfus venit et ei warantizat ut terram illam quam idem Ricardus habet de dono illam quam idem Ricardus habet de dono suo per cartam ipsius Radulfi quam ei fecit de feofamento de eadem terra; et dicit quod ipse Ricardus debet ei terram illam warantizare versus predictam Matildam de dono Saheri de Cornherd' patris ipsius Ricardi, cujus heres ipse est, per cartam suam, quam profert et que hoc testatur. Et quia idem Ricardus est heres ipsius Saheri, consideratum est quod ipsa recuperavit seisinam suam versus eundem Ricardum: et Ricardus in misericordia” [164] Richard son of Serlo (Sahir) is listed in an IPM for bures in 1293/4. “10a. arable and a piece of marsh, held of Richard Saher by service of a clove gillyflower yearly” [165] In 1277 a Serlo de Cornard “Cornerthe” served knight service for Johannes de Bosco in Suffolk and mustered at Worcester for the invasion of Wales.[48]
Thomas de Cornard mercer
The earliest mercers from Babergh hundred Suffolk whose apprenticeship may have been paid for by the cloth industry were Thomas de Cornard, and William Cavendish. Thomas de Cornard must have been born by abt. 1327. He had become a London mercer some time before 1348 when he was one of the first to pay the new livery fee; he survived the Black Death and represented his company in 1351, and his ward, as one of the ‘wealthier and wiser' commoners of Bassishaw in 1356.[166] His father was probably George de Cornard, brother of Thomas Cornard (II), by the date of his birth, and ties to Little Cornard church. He is listed as a Mercer with “Richard de Notyngham, Walter de Berneye, John de Henele, Robert de Strode, William de Essex” [167] By 1355 Thomas was married to Ellen widow of Roger Madour and owned land in London. “grant from Hugh de Waltham, Citizen and Capper and Emma Hardy his wife, to Thomas Cornerthe, Citizen and Mercer, and Ellen his wife (widow of Roger Madour) of the tenement in the parish of St Michael Bassishaw, as described in Ms 4666, for their lifetime; with the remainder to John, son of the said Roger Madour, for his lifetime, and after his death to the heirs and assigns of the said Thomas Cornerthe and Ellen his wife” [168]
Thomas died in 1379-80 a very prosperous man, leaving George, the parson of Little 'Cornerthe' ten marks. He established a year's chantry there as well as one in his London parish.' His most famous apprentice was John Shadworth, mayor of London 1401-2, successful apprentices were a tribute to their master, and Cornard was generous to all his young men in his will. William Cavendish benefited from apprenticeship with Richard Whittington, no less, at the end of the fourteenth century, at the cost of a substantial premium probably in excess of £20, as was suitable for a grandson of Chief Justice Cavendish.
The will of Thomas Cornard (Cornerthe), mercer, was proved in the Court of Husting, London in 1379/80. "Monday next before the Feast of S. Peter in Cathedrâ [22 Feb.]. Cornerthe (Thomas de), mercer. To be buried in the church of S. Mildred in Bredestrete. His goods and chattels in silver and gold, merchandise, and the profits of his share of Chastelec (sic) to be divided into three parts, whereof one part is to be devoted to the good of his soul, a second part to go to Elena his wife by way of dower, and a third part to Thomas and Isabella his children in equal portions. Also, to his said wife he leaves all his tablecloths and household utensils, together with his (sic) entire chamber, except his personal apparel. Out of his own portion of goods he makes divers bequests to the aforesaid church of S. Mildred, to the high altars of Bow, London, and of the church of S. Michael in Basyngeshawe, the works of S. Paul's, Cricherche, and the church of S. Thomas de Aquino; to various orders of friars, the nuns of S. Elena, London, and of Stretford and Halywell; the prisoners in Neugate; to Clement and William Spraye, John Madour, Lora his sister, his apprentices, and others. To Sir John de Elford, parson of the church of Wode Norton, co. Norfolk, he leaves ten marks; and to George, the parson of the church of Little Cornerthe, (fn. 12) a like sum. Provision made for chantries in the said church of Little Cornerthe as well as in the church of S. Mildred aforesaid. His tenement in Bredstret he leaves to his wife for life; remainder to Thomas his son and Isabella his daughter in successive tail. Dated London, 10 May, A.D. 1361.” [166][169]
The will of Elena, widow of Thomas Cornard [Cornerthe], mercer, was proved in the Court of Husting, London. "Anno 4 Richard II. Monday next before the Feast of S. Benedict, Abbot [21 March] “Cornerthe (Elena, relict of Thomas, late mercer). To be buried in the church of S. Michael in Bassynggeshaghe near the tomb of Roger Madour her former husband. Leaves all her goods, movable and immovable, to Sir John Haitfeld, clerk, John Shadworthe and William Shiringham, mercers, to dispose of for the good of her soul. Dated London, 17 February, A.D. 1380.” [170]
Thomas was mentioned in 1401. “Grant and confirmation from William Edyngdone, chaplain, to William Hawe, Citizen and Mercer, and Katherine his wife, of the tenement in St Michael Bassishaw, as described in Ms 4666, which the said William Edyngdone and John Whyte, late Citizen and Mercer, had received from the widow and executors of Thomas Cornerthe, late Citizen and Mercer.” [171]
Henry de Frowyke of South Mimms was an apprentice mercer to Thomas Cornard. Henry married Alice who was a granddaughter and eventually sole heir of John Somersham who owned Peacocks manor in Cornard. In 1426 Thomas de Frowyke the eldest son of Henry and Alice held Peacock’s Manor.[172]
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| Cornard Tree. Double Click to see Larger Version |
[1]
Patterson, Robert B. The Earl, the Kings, and the Chronicler: Robert Earl of
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[9] The Kalendar of Abbot Samson of Bury St. Edmunds: And Related Documents.
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[10] Amt, Emilie. The great roll of the pipe for the eighth year of the reign
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